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53
TM 9-2320-312-24-2
Systems Operation Section
Cavitation is the sudden formation of low pressure
bubbles in liquids by mechanical forces. The
formation of air or steam pockets is more difficult
within a pressure type cooling system.
The shunt line prevents cavitation by the water
pump. The shunt line provides a constant flow of
coolant to the water pump.
Note: In air to air aftercooled systems, a coolant
mixture with a minimum of 30 percent ethylene
glycol base antifreeze must be used for efficient
water pump performance. This mixture keeps the
cavitation temperature range of the coolant high
enough for efficient performance.
g00293081
Illustration 36
Water Lines Group
g00293080
Illustration 35
(1) Cylinder head. (2) Water temperature regulator housing. (5)
Bypass hose. (9) Water pump. (10) Outlet to radiator. (11) Water
Cooling System Schematic
temperature regulator. (12) Air vent valve in thermostat.
(1) Cylinder head. (2) Water temperature regulator housing. (3)
Expansion tank. (4) Shunt line (expansion tank to water pump).
From the cylinder block, the coolant flows into
(5) Bypass hose. (6) Radiator. (7) Cylinder block. (8) Oil cooler.
passages in the cylinder head. The passages send
(9) Water pump.
the flow around the unit injector sleeves and the
Water pump (9) is located on the right side of the
inlet and the exhaust passages. The coolant now
cylinder block. The water pump is belt driven from
enters water temperature regulator housing (2) at
the crankshaft pulley. Coolant can enter the water
the front right side of the cylinder head.
pump in three places:
Water temperature regulator (11) controls the
the inlet at the bottom of the water pump
direction of flow. When the coolant temperature
is below the normal operating temperature,
the bypass hose (5) into the top of the water
the water temperature regulator is closed. The
pump
coolant is directed through bypass hose (5) and
into the top inlet of the water pump. When the
the shunt line (4) into the top of the water pump
coolant temperature reaches the normal operating
temperature, water temperature regulator (11)
Coolant from the bottom of the radiator is pulled into
opens. When the water temperature regulator is
the bottom inlet of the pump by impeller rotation.
open, the bypass is closed. Most of the coolant
The coolant exits the back of the pump directly into
goes through outlet (10) to the radiator for cooling.
the oil cooler cavity of the block.
The remainder flows through bypass hose (5) and
into the water pump.
All of the coolant passes through the core of
the oil cooler and the coolant enters the internal
Note: Some coolant systems may contain two water
water manifold of the cylinder block. The manifold
temperature regulators.
disperses the coolant to water jackets around the
cylinder walls.

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