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TM 9-2320-304-14&P
B-2
B-3. THE MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
a. Inspect. To closely and critically examine (i.e., sight, sound, or feel) an item to detect errors, flaws,
wear, etc., and to determine its condition and serviceability by comparing its physical mechanical/electrical
characteristics within established standards.
b. Test. To verify serviceability and detect incipient failure by measuring the mechanical or electrical
characteristics of an item and comparing those characteristics with prescribed standards.
c. Service Operations required periodically to keep an item in proper operating condition; i.e., to clean
(decontaminate), to preserve, to drain, to paint, or to replenish fuel, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, or
compressed air supplies.
d. Adjust. To maintain, within prescribed limits, by bringing into proper or exact position, or by setting
the operating characteristics to specified parameters.
e. Aline. To adjust specified variable elements of an item to bring about optimum or desired performance.
f. Calibrate. To determine and cause corrections to be made or to be adjusted on instruments or test
measuring and diagnostic equipment used in precision measurement. Consists of comparison of two
instruments, one of which is a certified standard of known accuracy, to detect and adjust any discrepancy in
the accuracy of the instrument being compared.
g. Install. The act of emplacing, seating, or fixing into position an item, part, or module (component or
assembly) for an unserviceable counterpart.
h. Repair. The application of maintenance services (inspect, test, service, adjust, aline, calibrate, or
replace) or other maintenance actions (welding, grinding, riveting, straightening, facing, remachining, or
resurfacing) to restore serviceability to an item by correcting specific damage, fault malfunction, or failure
in a part, subassembly, module (components or assembly), item, or system.
i. Overhaul. That maintenance effort (service/action) necessary to restore an item to a completely
serviceable/operational condition as prescribed by maintenance standards (e.g., DMWR) in appropriate
technical publications. Overhaul is normally the highest degree of maintenance performed by the Army.
Overhaul does not normally return an item to like-new condition.
j. Rebuild. Consists of those services/actions necessary for the restoration of unserviceable equipment to
a like new condition in accordance with original manufacturing standards. Rebuild is the highest degree of
materiel maintenance applied to Army equipment. The rebuild operation includes the act of returning to
zero those age measurements (hours/miles, etc.) considered in classifying Army equipment/components.
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